Vitamin B 2

Description

Riboflavin is destroyed by light, is poorly soluble in water (solubility increases with decreasing pH) and alcohol.

Biologically active form of riboflavin is flavinadenindinukleotid, synthesized in the human kidney, liver and other tissues. Another derivative of riboflavin - riboflavin-5-phosphoric acid occurs naturally in yeast. Thanks to them, provided the normal course of redox processes in the body.

Sources

vegetable animals synthesis in the body Yeast, leafy green vegetables, cereals (buckwheat and oatmeal), peas, seeds and skins of cereals, bread. Liver, kidney, meat, fish, cheese, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, egg white. Synthesized by microorganisms, includingmicroflora of the colon.

Vitamin B ₂ is widely distributed in nature. In the body mainly comes from meat and dairy products.

Action

Vitamin B ₂ intensifies the metabolic processes in the body, by participating in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Riboflavin is necessary for red blood cells and antibodies for cell respiration and growth. It facilitates the absorption of oxygen by the cells of the skin, hair and nails.

It improves the condition of the organ of vision, taking, along with vitamin A, participate in the process of dark adaptation, reduces eye fatigue and plays a major role in the prevention of cataracts.

Vitamin B ₂ has a positive effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive tract.

Riboflavin to minimize the negative impact of different toxins on the respiratory tract.

Riboflavin is necessary for the metabolism of tryptophan, which is converted in the body to niacin.

One of the most valuable qualities of riboflavin is its ability to accelerate the transformation of the body pyridoxine - Vitamin B ₆ - in its active form.

Daily maintenance

The recommended daily requirement for vitamin B ₂ as a function of age in Russia, the UK and the U.S. (mg)

Infants Children Men Women Age 0-1/2 1/2-1 3.1 4.6 7.10 11-14 15-18 19-59 60-74 > 75 11-14 15-18 19-59 60-74 > 75 preg- variables cor- myaschie Russia 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.5

Infants Children Men Women Age 0-1/2 1/2-1 3.1 4.6 7.10 11-14 15-18 19-24 25-50 > 51 11-14 15-18 19-24 25-50 > 51 preg- variables cor- myaschie Great Britain 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.6 USA 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.8

The need for riboflavin increases with exercise, as well as oral contraceptives.

The systematic use of alcohol distorts the uptake mechanism of vitamin B ₂ , so the people who abuse alcohol, the need for increased riboflavin.

Symptoms of hypovitaminosis

At low content or absence of food riboflavin develops giporiboflavinoz and then aribolfavinoz.

In hypovitaminosis in _two states:

• loss of appetite, drop in body weight
• weakness
• headache, a burning sensation of the skin
• pain in the eyes, night blindness
• soreness at the corners of the mouth and on the lower lip

With the development of the disease:

• crack and peel at the corners of the mouth (angular stomatitis)
• inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth and tongue
• seborrheic dermatitis nasal labial folds
• skin lesions, dermatitis, hair loss
• indigestion
• corneal changes, increased sensitivity to light, conjunctivitis, blepharitis
• dizziness, insomnia, impaired cognitive reaction
• stunting

Riboflavin deficiency primarily affects the tissues that are rich in capillaries and small vessels (brain tissue). With a deficit of common manifestation may be cerebral insufficiency of varying severity, manifested a sense of general weakness, dizziness, decreased tactile and pain sensitivity, increased tendon reflexes, etc.

Lack of riboflavin may also lead to a violation of the absorption of iron and weaken the thyroid gland.

Statement

Hypo-and ariboflavinoze.

Riboflavin is also indicated for:

• night blindness
• conjunctivitis, iritis, keratitis, corneal ulcers, cataracts
• nonhealing wounds and ulcers
• chronic hepatitis
• chronic colitis and enterocolitis
• bowel dysfunction
• common eating disorders
• radiation sickness
• asthenia
• Botkin's disease
• rheumatism
• circulatory failure
• hypadrenia
• thyrotoxicosis
• people working with industrial poisons and heavy metal salts.

Dosages

Vitamin B ₂ is administered orally (in powders, tablets or pills), as well as eye drops and injections.

Single therapeutic dose when administered to adults is 5.10 mg per day, in severe cases - 10 mg 3 times a day. Treatment - 1-1,5 months. Children appoint 2-5 mg and 10 mg per day, depending on age.

Interaction

Antihypertensive drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme) increase the conversion of riboflavin in the coenzyme form.

Neuroleptics (major tranquilizers - chlorpromazine, propazin, tizertsin, teralen, meterazin, ftorfenazin) inhibit the metabolism of riboflavin, in particular, chlorpromazine blocks riboflavian transformation into one of the coenzyme forms.

Peripheral vasodilators block the conversion of riboflavin coenzyme forms.

Drugs that regulate the function of the thyroid gland (tireodin), increase the conversion of riboflavin in its coenzyme form.

Riboflavin helps iron absorption, its mobilization and conservation.

Also vitamin B ₂ promotes the absorption of pyridoxine (vitamin B ₆ ).