Description
Tocopherol brings together a number of unsaturated alcohols-tocopherol, the most active is alpha-tocopherol.
For the first time revealed the role of vitamin E in the reproductive process in 1920, the white rats are usually very prolific, it was observed during long-term cessation of breeding dairy diet (skim milk) with the development of beriberi E.
In 1922, Evans and Bishop found that when normal ovulation and conception, pregnant female rats, fetal death occurred to the exclusion from the diet of fat-soluble food factor, available in green leaves and buds of grain. E vitamin deficiency in male rats caused changes seeds epithelium.
In 1936 he obtained the first preparations of vitamin E by the extraction of oil of germs of corn.
Synthesis of vitamin E carried out in 1938 Carrera.
On further examination, it was found that the role of vitamin E is not limited to the control of the reproductive function (VE Romanovsky, EA Sinkova "Vitamins and vitamin").
Vitamin E also improves circulation, is necessary for tissue regeneration, is useful in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome and fibrous breast disease. It provides normal blood clotting and healing, reduces the chance of scarring from some wounds, reduces blood pressure, helps prevent cataracts, improves athletic achievement; relieves leg cramps, and supports the health of nerves and muscles, strengthening the walls of capillaries, prevents anemia.
As an antioxidant, vitamin E protects cells from damage by slowing the oxidation of lipids (fats) and the formation of free radicals. It protects other fat-soluble vitamins from destruction by oxygen, promotes the absorption of vitamin A and protects it from oxygen. Vitamin E slows down aging, can prevent the occurrence of age-related pigmentation.
Vitamin E is also involved in the formation of collagen and elastic fibers of the intercellular substance.Tocopherol prevents increased blood clotting, a positive effect on the peripheral circulation, is involved in the biosynthesis of heme and proteins, cell proliferation, education gonadotropins development of the placenta.
In 1997, demonstrated the ability of vitamin E to facilitate Alzheimer's and diabetes, and improve immune function.
On the beneficial effects of vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease ravages the brain, previously considered completely non-treatment, reported the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, as the news was widely covered in the press. Daily doses of the order of 2000 Intl. u Vitamin E appreciably hindered development.
However, remember that vitamin E plays a preventive role - he can not restore pre-existing damage. Some participants in studies that did not find any anti-cancer effectiveness of vitamin E for many years smoked or irresponsible attitude to healthy eating. Neither medicine nor vitamin is not able to reverse tissue damage caused by decades of unhealthy lifestyles. For example, a daily intake of 400 between. u Vitamin E can prevent the conversion of nitrite (certain substances present in smoked and pickled foods) into carcinogenic nitrosamines, but does not lead to a backlash transformation nitrosamines in nitrite.
In addition to this the effectiveness of vitamin E increased in the presence of other nutrients, antioxidants.Its anti-cancer protective effect is particularly noticeable increases vitamin C.
Thus, the main functions that are performed in the body vitamin E, can be formulated as follows:
- protects cell structures from damage by free radicals (acts as an antioxidant);
- involved in heme biosynthesis;
- prevents thrombosis;
- involved in the synthesis of hormones;
- supports the immune system;
- has anti-cancer effect;
- ensure proper functioning of muscles.
Units
The amount of vitamin E is usually measured in international units (IU).
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To indicate prophylactic doses of vitamin also used the term "tocopherol equivalents" or ET (TE)
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Sources
Vegetable oils, sunflower, cottonseed, corn, sunflower seeds of apples, nuts (almonds, peanuts), turnips, green leafy vegetables, cereals, legumes, egg yolk, liver, milk, oatmeal, soybeans, wheat, and it sprouts.
Herbs rich in vitamin E: dandelion, alfalfa, flax seed, nettle, oats, raspberry leaf, rose hips.
Tocopherol content (mg per 100 g) in vegetable oils and some foods (RH Bunnell, 1965; WH Senrell, 1972)
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Daily maintenance
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Or you can use the formula:
Daily demand = children under 1 year of age - 0.5 mg / kg (usually fully prepared with mother's milk), adults - 0.3 mg / kg.
Factor that increases the body's need for vitamin E man, is the increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Symptoms of hypovitaminosis
The first and the earliest sign that manifests itself fairly quickly in low intake of vitamin E and the excess input of unsaturated fatty acids, is a muscular dystrophy. Degeneration of skeletal muscle is the most universal manifestation of avitaminosis E. The most severe lesions observed in the diaphragm. Muscle fibers decompose, and necrotic fibers are deposited calcium salts.
In liver avitaminosis E described necrosis, fatty degeneration, sinusoidal expansion, reduction in glycogen.
Failure can also provoke a reduction in life span of red blood cells (RBCs). Studies in animals show that the deficit of vitamin E may also suffer heart muscle, and reproductive functions.
Statement
- vitamin deficiencies,
- high physical activity,
- menstrual disorders,
- the threat of termination of pregnancy,
- climacteric vegetative disorders,
- gonadal dysfunction in men
- Neurasthenia with fatigue,
- asthenic syndrome,
- amyotrophic lateral syndrome
- primary muscular dystrophy,
- posttraumatic secondary myopathy,
- disease ligaments and muscles
- degenerative and proliferative changes in the joints and ligaments to the spine and large joints
- dermatomyositis,
- some dermatoses
- psoriasis,
- during rekonvalestsensii diseases that occur with fever
- in gerantologii (old age),
- spasm of peripheral vessels,
- epilepsy (to increase efficiency of anticonvulsants)
- in treatment for many diseases (as antioxidant).
In pediatric use:
- with malnutrition,
- scleroderma and other diseases.
Storage
All medications are stored in a well-tocopherol packed container and protected from light to the sun's rays do not destroy vitamin E.
Vitamin E is mainly used in treatment of various diseases.
Tocopheryl acetate part of the combined (multivitamin) drugs: Aevit, Undevit, modern French multivitamin preparations Komplivit etc. The complex.
Safety
Tocopherol supplementation may cause an increase in blood pressure and serum triglycerides and may reduce the need for insulin in insulin-dependent diabetics. It is therefore important to regularly monitor your blood sugar, if a patient with diabetes is beginning to take vitamin E, because maybe he will need to reduce the usual insulin dose. It is also important, since in addition to take this vitamin, increase the dose gradually, starting with the little ones.
Contraindications:
- hypersensitivity to the drug.
Side effects:
- allergic reactions,
- at high doses may be diarrhea and epigastric pain.
Cautions
It should be used with caution:
- in severe cardiosclerosis,
- myocardial infarction,
- the increased risk of thromboembolism.
Symptoms of hypervitaminosis
Vitamin E is relatively non-toxic. Survey of more than 10,000 cases, supplementation of vitamin E in high doses (200 to 3,000 IU per day) for a few years has shown that there are no serious side effects have been. At high doses may develop passing nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, blood pressure may rise.
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