Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid, niacin, nicotinamide (nicotinamidum)

Description

Vitamin PP exists in two forms - nicotinic acid and nikotinomida.

Sources

Beef liver, yeast, broccoli, carrots, cheese, corn flour, dandelion leaves, dates, eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, pork, potatoes, tomatoes, wheat germ, whole grains.

Herbs rich in vitamin PP: alfalfa, burdock root, catnip, cayenne, chamomile, chickweed, eyebright, fennel seed, fenugreek, ginseng, hops, horsetail, mullein, nettle, oats, parsley, peppermint, raspberry leaves, red clover, rose hips, sage, sorrel.

Action

Active effect of vitamin PP on metabolic processes due to his being a member of (NAD) and  phosphate (NADP), a cofactor of several enzymes. In particular, niacinamide is part kodegidrazy-carrying hydrogen to flavoproteinovym enzymes, and thus regulates the redox processes in the body.

Nicotinic acid		Nicotinamide
Niacin - this is the only vitamin that conventional medicine finds cure. It is possible that it is actually the most effective 'cure', normalizing cholesterol, there is. Vitamin PP - to B-complex, which is crucial for energy and well-being on many levels, especially for heart health and optimal blood circulation. It is involved in more than half a hundred reactions in which sugar and fat is converted into energy. It is also needed for the metabolism of amino acids and is involved in the conversion of fats into substances called eicosanoids - hormone-like agents that control metabolic pathways in the body. Niacin - vitamin, not knowing equal to control cholesterol. People who have already experienced a heart attack, niacin increases the chances of staying alive more than pharmaceuticals. That was the conclusion of the study, entitled 'Project Coronary medicine', in which niacin was compared with two antiholesterinovymi drugs to determine what is best constrains nonfatal heart attack and prolong life for a long time after a myocardial infarction. Even several years after cessation of treatment frequency of deaths was lower only among those taking niacin. Niacin simultaneously struggling with the four major risk factors for cardiovascular disease: High LDL-cholesterol. This 'bad' form of cholesterol accumulates on the inside of the artery walls, restricting blood flow and resulting in hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).Niacin supplements cause a reduction in LDL-cholesterol. Low HDL-cholesterol. A low concentration of 'good' cholesterol - one of the most faithful harbingers of cardiovascular disease because HDL helps clean the blood system of LDL. Elevated levels of lipoprotein (a). Sticky by-product of LDL - lipoprotein (a) - in the last few years has been considered an independent risk factor for heart disease - as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking, obesity and total cholesterol levels. It contributes to clogged arteries and increases the likelihood of blood clots. The higher the level, the greater the risk. None of the known drugs do not appear to have any impact on the number of high lipoprotein (a). However, niacin with vitamin C reduces the risk associated with it. High triglycerides. As recently recognized as an independent risk factor that has critical importance, these blood fats signal the presence of insulin disorders - diabetes type II - and hypertension. The best way to deal with high triglycerides - dramatically reduce the consumption of sugar and other carbohydrates, but the addition of niacin may thus provide strong support, reducing triglyceride levels.		Application nikotinomida recommended for treatment of pathological conditions: Diabetes. Since 1940, science knows that the type I diabetes requires insulin injections less if they regularly take nicotinamide. This substance is also capable of a certain degree to prevent damage to the pancreas, leading to the loss of the body the ability to produce its own insulin. From these considerations, researchers assumed when given prophylactically nicotinamide approximately eighty thousand children (5 to 7 years) in New Zealand. Nicotinamide reduced the number of cases of type I diabetes for more than 50%. Osteoarthritis. Nicotinamide also reduces pain and improves joint mobility in osteoarthritis. Other state. Like niacin, nicotinamide has a mild sedative effect and is useful in treating a variety of emotional and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, attention, alcoholism and schizophrenia. In large doses, it acts as an antioxidant and in vitro studies in cell culture was active against the virus HIV16.

Daily maintenance

Daily requirement for nicotinic acid (and in nicotinamide) is for adults 20 mg, with heavy physical labor - about 25 mg for children aged 6 months to 1 year - 6 mg, from 1 to 1.5 years - 9 mg , from 1.5 to 2 years - 10 mg, 3 to 4 years - 12 mg, 5 to 6 years - 13 mg, from 7 to 10 years - 15 mg, from 11 to 13 years - 19 mg for boys 14-17 years - 21 mg for girls 14-17 years - 18 mg.

Symptoms of hypovitaminosis

Pellagra, rodent ulcers, dementia, depression, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, pain in the limbs, loss of appetite, low blood sugar, muscle weakness, cracks in the skin and inflammation.

Statement

Nicotinic acid		Nicotinamide
Assign nicotinic acid as a specific remedy for the prevention and treatment of pellagra. In addition, it is used for gastro-intestinal disorders (particularly in patients with gastritis with low acidity), liver diseases (acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis), vascular spasm in the limbs, kidneys and brain (see Nigeksin, Nikoverin, nikoshpan, ksantinola nicotinate), with neuritis of the facial nerve, atherosclerosis, long-term healing wounds and ulcers, and other infectious diseases.		Indications and dose basically the same as for niacin (pellagra, gastritis with low acidity, chronic colitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, etc.) as a vasodilator nicotinamide, however, does not apply.

Dosages

		Nicotinamide
		Assign nicotinamide orally or parenterally. Oseltamivir is prescribed for adults 0,015-0,025 g, children - 0.005-0.01 g 1-2 times a day. In pellagra appoint adults inside of 0.05-0.1 g 3-4 times a day for children - 0.01 -0.05 g 2-3 times a day for 15-20 days, in other diseases - in 0.02-0.05 g for adults and children at 0.005-0.01 g 2-3 times a day. Intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously injected with 1-2 ml of 1%, 2.5% or 5% solution 1-2 times a day. Forms: powder, pills to 0,015 g (for preventive purposes) and the 0,005 and 0,025 g (for medical purposes); ampoules 1 ml of 1% solution of 1 and 2 ml of 2.5% solution. Storage: List B. In a tightly closed container, protected from light, vials - in a dark place.

Safety

Nicotinic acid		Nicotinamide
Persons sensitized to nicotinic acid should be administered nicotinamide, except when nicotinic acid is used as a vasodilator. Keep in mind that long-term use of large doses of nicotinic acid can lead to the development of fatty liver. To prevent this complication are encouraged to include in your diet foods rich in methionine, methionine, or assign other lipotropic agents.		Daily doses of nicotinamide little cause vasomotor reactions. Allergic reactions, in the absence of effects on mast cell mb excluded. Therefore preferable in the complexes, and allergic reactions to complexes with nicotinamide not occur, and if there is, due to other components (eg, vitamins).