Vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine)

Description

Activity of vitamin B ₆ has a group of compounds, pyridine derivatives (pyridoxine (piridoksol), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine), collectively called 'pyridoxine'.

Pyridoxine is highly soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether, fat solvents.

Pyridoxine is rapidly destroyed by light, but resistant to oxygen and high temperatures.

Sources

vegetable animals synthesis in the body Unrefined cereal grains, green leafy vegetables, yeast, buckwheat and peshenichnaya cereals, rice, beans, carrots, avocados, bananas, walnuts, syrup, cabbage, corn, field mustard, potatoes, soybeans. Herbs: plantain, alfalfa, catnip, oat straw. Meat, fish, oysters, milk, cod liver oil and cattle, kidney, heart, egg yolk. Synthesized by intestinal microflora.

Action

Plays an important role in metabolism, essential for the normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. In the phosphorylated form maintained throughout the decarboxylation, transamination, deamination of amino acids involved in the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, hemoglobin, and prostaglandin metabolism of serotonin, catecholamines, glutamate, GABA, histamine, improves the use of non-saturated fatty acids, lowers cholesterol and blood lipids, improves myocardial contractility, contributes to the transformation of folic acid into its active form, stimulates hematopoiesis.

Atherosclerosis vitamin B ₆ improves lipid metabolism.

Daily maintenance

The recommended daily requirement for vitamin B ₆ as a function of age in Russia, the UK and the U.S. (mg)

Infants Children Men Women Age 0-1/2 1/2-1 3.1 4.6 7.10 11-14 15-18 19-59 60-74 > 75 11-14 15-18 19-59 60-74 > 75 preg- variables cor- myaschie Russia 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.8 2 2 + 0,3 + 0,5

Infants Children Men Women Age 0-1/2 1/2-1 3.1 4.6 7.10 11-14 15-18 19-24 25-50 > 51 11-14 15-18 19-24 25-50 > 51 preg- variables cor- myaschie Great Britain 0.2 0,3-0,4 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 incr.dose incr.dose USA 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.1

The need for pyridoxine increases with antidepressants and oral contraceptives, during times of stress and high stress, and in drinkers and smokers.

Elevated levels of protein in the diet, rich in tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, and intestinal infections also increase the need for pyridoxine.

Higher doses of vitamin B ₆ are needed for AIDS, hepatitis, radiation sickness.

Symptoms of hypovitaminosis

Possible consequences of deficiency of vitamin B ₆ :

• convulsions, depression, irritability, lethargy, increased anxiety, insomnia
• dermatitis on the face, above the eyebrows, around the eyes, and sometimes on the neck and scalp, dry dermatitis of the nasolabial folds, seborrhea, glossitis, cheilosis with vertical cracks lips, stomatitis
• loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting (especially in pregnant women)
• conjunctivitis, polyneuritis upper and lower extremities

Lack of pyridoxine leads to a decrease of the index of the immune system, as the number of T-lymphocytes.

Statement

Indications for use:

• In the _six -hypovitaminosis
• toxemia of pregnancy
• anemia
• leukopenia different etiologies
• diseases of the nervous system (parkinsonism, chorea, the disease Little, radiculitis, neuritis, neuralgia)
• Meniere's disease
• sea ​​and air sickness
• acute and chronic hepatitis

There is evidence of the effectiveness of pyridoxine in atherosclerosis and diabetes (lowers glycated hemoglobin), in addition, pyridoxine acts as a diuretic, helping to reduce high blood pressure, thus protecting the cardiovascular system in several ways.

Several studies have shown the effectiveness of pyridoxine in depression: it has a positive effect on the production of norepinephrine and serotonin.

In dermatology vitamin B ₆ is used in the following cases:

• seboreepodobnye neseboreynye and dermatitis
• shingles
• neurodermatitis
• psoriasis
• exudative diathesis.

High doses of vitamin B ₆ in the treatment protocols include:

• childhood autism and enuresis
• generalized anxiety
• to combination therapy with antiepileptic drugs potentiated

Pyridoxine is included in the treatment protocol 'withdrawal from binge' and symptoms of hangover.

Dosages

Pyridoxine is used inside (after eating), subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Parenteral vitamin B ₆ is introduced in violation of absorption in the intestine, and also in cases where ingestion is not possible (eg, vomiting).

Therapeutic doses when administered for adults is 0.02-0.03 g 1-2 times a day for children reduce the dose. The course of treatment is 1-2 months.

Parenterally administered to adults 0.05-0.1 g per day (in 1-2 divided doses) for children - to 0.02 g treatment for adults is 1 month for children - 2 weeks.

Safety

Overall, pyridoxine well tolerated. In some cases, allergic reactions (skin rash, etc.).

Precautions should be given pyridoxine:

• patients with gastric ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer (in connection with a possible increase in the acidity of gastric juice)
• in severe liver damage
• patients with coronary heart disease

With a parenteral vitamin B ₆ should not be mixed in the same syringe with cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂ ) and thiamine (vitamin B ₁ ).

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis

• allergic reactions such as hives
• sometimes can increase the acidity of gastric juice
• doses of 200 to 5000 mg or more can cause numbness and tingling in the arms and legs, and loss of feeling in the same areas

Interaction

Chelating compounds ('chelating'), such as penicillamine and kuprimin, bind and inactivate vitamin B ₆ .

Corticosteroid hormones (hydrocortisone, etc.) can also lead to leaching of vitamin B ₆ .

When receiving estrogen preparations there is a strong vitamin B ₆ .

Admission anticonvulsant and anti-TB drugs can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B ₆ , but in this case, care should be taken to take pyridoxine, as large doses may disrupt the action of the drug.

Absorption and assimilation pyridoxine broken with regular use of alcohol-based products.

Vitamin B ₆ may decrease the effectiveness of the treatment of Parkinson's disease.