Vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin)

Description

Vitamin B ₁₂ - the only water-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body - it is deposited in the liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen.

Cyanocobalamin - a crystalline powder of dark red color and odorless.

Cyanocobalamin is relatively stable to light and high temperatures.

Sources

Vegetable Animals Synthesis in the body Seaweed, soy and soy products, yeast, hops Liver, kidney, beef, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, oysters, herring, mackerel

Action

The active form of vitamin B ₁₂ is adenosylcobalamin or kobamamin.

Cyanocobalamin has a strong lipotropic action, he warns fatty liver, increases the consumption of oxygen by cells in acute and chronic hypoxia.

Vitamin B ₁₂ is involved in the processes of transmethylation, hydrogen transport, activates the synthesis of methionine. Enhancing the synthesis and the ability to accumulate the protein in the body, has also uianookbalamin anabolic effect.

Increasing the phagocytic activity of white blood cells and activating activity of the reticuloendothelial system, tsianookbalamin strengthens immunity. Low levels of cyanocobalamin twice accelerates disease progression in people with AIDS.

Also vitamin B ₁₂ plays an important role in the regulation of blood-forming organs: it is involved in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids required for the process of erythropoiesis, an active influence on the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups.

Cyanocobalamin depends on the availability of a wide range of emotional and cognitive abilities.Maintaining an optimal level of vitamin helps prevent depression, dementia and confusion of thought, helps to contain the decay of mental activity as a result of AIDS.

Vitamin B ₁₂ helps to overcome insomnia, and helps to adjust to the changes in sleep and wakefulness, which is explained by the participation of cyanocobalamin in the synthesis of melatonin.

Cyanocobalamin helps normalize low blood pressure.

Vitamin B ₁₂ is one of the substances necessary for the health of the reproductive organs of men and women, so it is able to correct the reduction of sperm in the semen.

Daily maintenance

Table. The recommended daily requirement for vitamin B ₁₂ as a function of age in Russia, the UK and the U.S. (mg)

Infants Children Men Women Age 0-1/2 1/2-1 3.1 4.6 7.10 11-14 15-18 19-59 60-74 > 75 11-14 15-18 19-59 60-74 > 75 preg- variables cor- myaschie Russia 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0

Infants Children Men Women Age 0-1/2 1/2-1 3.1 4.6 7.10 11-14 15-18 19-24 25-50 > 51 11-14 15-18 19-24 25-50 > 51 preg- variables cor- myaschie Great Britain 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 USA 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1

Need for cyanocobalamin increases with alcohol consumption and smoking.

As cyanocobalamin supplementation needs to vegetarians, because This vitamin is found mainly in animal products.

Increased need for vitamin B ₁₂ in pregnancy, the elderly, AIDS patients and patients with chronic diarrhea.

Symptoms of hypovitaminosis

Poor absorption of food, constipation, enlargement of the liver

Chronic fatigue, irritability, depression, dizziness, ringing in the ears, drowsiness, headache, shortness of breath, visual disturbances, hallucinations, memory loss.

Pernicious anemia, neurological disorders, immunodeficiencies, gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

Even a small reduction of cyanocobalamin in the blood than normal can cause significant damage to the brain and nervous system.

Statement

The use of cyanocobalamin is indicated in patients with pernicious anemia, agastricheskoy hyperchromic anemia, anemia in pregnant women, as well as diseases of the liver and chronic pancreatitis.

Expedient of vitamin B ₁₂ in radiation sickness, diseases of the nervous system (multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, sciatica, polio, cerebral palsy, etc.), allergic diseases (asthma, urticaria).

The use of vitamin B ₁₂ is shown in premature and newborn infants after infection.

Dosages

For the treatment of cyanocobalamin administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intravenously in 0.1-0.2 mg 1 time in 2 days.

When administered cyanocobalamin is poorly absorbed, absorption can be somewhat improved by simultaneous administration of folic acid.

Acceptance of cyanocobalamin is contraindicated in acute thromboembolism eritremii, erythrocytosis.Caution should be used tsianookbalamin in patients with angina.

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis

Side effects of overdose tsianookbalamina:

• pulmonary edema;
• congestive heart failure;
• Peripheral vascular thrombosis;
• hives;
• rare - anaphylactic shock.

Interaction

Cyanocobalamin may prevent absorption of potassium. Since cyanocobalamin accumulates in the body, while taking potassium short course no danger, but long-term use of potassium (eg, patients on diuretics) can lead to depletion of cyanocobalamin.

When receiving antihyperlipidemic of disturbed absorption of vitamin B ₁₂ .

Corticosteroid hormones and antipsychotics promotes leaching cyanocobalamin.

Cyanocobalamin deficiency may occur when taking anti-TB drugs.

Vitamin C in large amounts can affect your ability to absorb vitamin B ₁₂ from food.